The working principle of the electric heater

Abstract: An electric heater is a device that converts electrical energy into heat energy. Compared with traditional fuel heating, it has the advantages of cleanliness, no pollution, high thermal efficiency, and convenient temperature control and adjustment. It is widely used in daily life.

The working principle of the electric heater is to use the thermal effect of the current. Common heating elements include metal heating elements, quartz tubes, halogen electric heating tubes, etc. Next, let’s learn about it with the editor.

What is the working principle of an electric heater?

The working principle of the electric heater is the thermal effect of the current, which is a phenomenon that the temperature of the conductor increases when the current passes through various conductors. The device that mainly uses the thermal effect of current to work is called an electric heater. The main heating component of a traditional electric heater is a heating resistor element, but with the innovation of technology, the electric heating film is used more and more widely as a new heating element of the electric heater.

Electric heating is a basic property of a conductor, which is related to the size, material, and thickness of the current-carrying conductor. At present, most electric heaters are heated by heating resistance elements. Since the consumed electric energy is calculated according to the average electric power and usage time, as well as the convenience of measurement and calculation, the thermal calculation of the electric heater is still based on the average electric power.

In fact, sinusoidal alternating current is used in production and daily life. Therefore, the instantaneous heating rate of the heating resistance element, that is, the heat flow generated by the instantaneous electric power, also changes with time and is not constant.

What are the heating elements commonly used in electric heaters

1. It is a heating element

The common metal heating element is a metal electric heating tube, which is a tubular electric heating element. A metal tube is used as the outer shell, and an alloy resistance wire is placed in the tube as a heating element, and the tube is filled with crystalline magnesium oxide with good insulation and thermal conductivity. An electric heating element.

With the development of far-infrared radiation coating and its application technology, far-infrared radiation coating can also be added to the heating part of the pipe wall to become a far-infrared radiation heating element.

The metal electric heating tube has the characteristics of convenient use, fast heating, small thermal ductility, high thermal efficiency, low power consumption, and long service life. It can heat static or flowing air and can be immersed in water or other liquids for heating. It can be used for smelting light metal and heating metal molds.

2. Quartz tube

Quartz glass electric heating tube, quartz electric heating tube is made of milky white quartz glass tube, and a spiral electric heating wire with a bracket is installed in the tube as a heating element. At present, the only non-coated selective far-infrared radiation heating element.

Compared with other heating elements, it has good spectral radiation matching absorption characteristics, long-term use of radiation performance that does not degrade, high electrothermal conversion efficiency, fast temperature rise, small thermal inertia, high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, good thermochemical performance stability, and long service life, High dielectric strength, no pollution, compared with other electric heating elements, it can save energy by about 30%.

3. Halogen heating tube

A halogen heating tube is a sealed luminescent heating tube filled with halogen elements, which can effectively ensure the life of the heating wire. In the use of electric heaters, it is required to comply with GB/T241993 Basic Environmental Test Regulations for Electrical and Electronic Products, and GB4706.1-19921 General Safety Requirements for Household and Similar Electrical Appliances.

4. Ceramic heating tube

The ceramic far-infrared electric heating element is a far-infrared direct heating electric heating element with positive temperature coefficient characteristics made of a semiconductor thick film on a ceramic substrate and sintered at high temperature.

The film of the ceramic electric heating element is very firmly combined with the substrate, and the far-infrared emissivity is above 90%. It works under high voltage and meets the requirements of non-inductive heating. Because its energy is mainly concentrated in the 4-10um frequency range, it is especially suitable for the baking of organic materials and has therapeutic and healthcare effects on the human body. It has a good substitution and transformative impact on traditional heating methods in the fields of industry, agriculture, national defense, scientific research, and civil electrical appliances.

5. Carbon fiber heating element

Carbon fiber is a new type of high-performance fiber-reinforced material, which has many excellent properties such as high strength, high modulus, high-temperature resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, creep resistance, electricity, heat conduction, and far-infrared radiation. It can reduce the weight of components in the form of composite materials, thereby improving the technical performance of components.

It has been widely used in high-tech fields such as aerospace new textile machinery, petrochemical industry, medical equipment, automobile, machinery manufacturing, construction industry, stationery, telecommunications, electric heating, etc. Its wide application will greatly change our lifestyle and improve our quality of life.

6. Electric heating film

The electrothermal film is a non-metallic material. It is a kind of conductive thin flake or fine powder substance, mixed with a binder, directly brushed or sprayed on glass, ceramics, or insulating metal carriers, and then dried at room temperature and sintered at a fixed temperature. The formed thin layer resistance, commonly known as electrothermal film, is also called printed resistance or spray resistance.

The base material of the electrothermal film is a very stable close-packed hexagonal crystal, which will not be oxidized and has a high melting point. Even if the electrothermal film is scratched, broken, or damaged in other forms, it can be easily repaired by brushing or spraying, and it is a promising new material.

Written by: FUJIREJA GROUP
The Exporter and Manufacturer of Heaters since 2003
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